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pycURl是python编写的ibcurl.的接口,今天在使用的时候,出现了一个小问题,我发送的数据对方无法正常接收,后来才知道是content-type设置不正确的原因.pyCURL默认的Content-Type是
% p" v; S& m+ ?+ m, b application/x-www-form-urlencoded,也就是说,如果没有明确设定,则发送的数据是url编码之后的数据.可是如果用这个工具发送json字符串 的request body,则必须显式指定json对应的内容类型
/ E5 p6 ]7 G4 n6 e \ Content-Type:application/json;charset=xxxx,否则接收方收到的数据是错误的.以下是我写的一个简易curl,具有基本的获取响应数据,和上传文件,携带cookie,保存cookie等功能.
# m; E e0 {# J' ?% U! G import osimport pycurlimport urllibfrom StringIO import StringIOurl:请求的urlcookies:携带的cookieposdata:请求体,可以是字符串,或者其他可以urlencode的类型uploadfiles:上传文件的参数,格式为{name:filename,path:filepath}referer:来源httpheader:自定义header头ua:客户端代理名cookiejar:存储请求响应后的cookie的文件路径customrequest:自定义请求方法注意:1.暂时没有进行ssl验证2.由于后续需要对请求获取各种数据,比如HTTP_CODE,所以请求发出后并没有关闭,而是将pycurl.Curl对象返回方便查询 / @8 u! r% b, {( l2 r$ k
def myCurl(url,cookies=,postdata=,uploadfiles=,referer=,httpheader=,ua=,cookiejar=,customrequest=): buffer * Z) k" A8 m0 S
= StringIO() c = pycurl.Curl() c.setopt(c.WRITEDATA, buffer) c.setopt(pycurl.SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0) c.setopt(pycurl.SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0) c.setopt(pycurl.SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0) c.setopt(pycurl.FOLLOWLOCATION, " Z" ?4 ], `, J5 i
1) if(ua == ): c.setopt(pycurl.USERAGENT,Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/61.0.3163.79 Safari/537.36
8 [( Z& D- c* z1 j( W- J5 ~1 q/ O ) else: c.setopt(pycurl.USERAGENT,ua) if(httpheader): c.setopt(pycurl.HTTPHEADER,httpheader)
/ h; s3 u0 b4 m a y* f" p if(referer): c.setopt(pycurl.REFERER, referer) if(cookies): c.setopt(pycurl.COOKIE,cookies) c.setopt(pycurl.URL,url) + @7 ?8 u. f" g; l E
if(customrequest): c.setopt(pycurl.CUSTOMREQUEST, customrequest) if(postdata): if isinstance(postdata,str):
6 e/ z9 C1 _/ i2 e #字符串不要使用urlencode postfields=postdata else: postfields=urllib.urlencode(postdata) c.setopt(c.POSTFIELDS, postfields) % O, u! y1 U/ z* D3 b
if(uploadfiles):#如果需要上传文件 multipartFormData=[] fileTuple=(uploadfiles[name], ( 3 }- H5 c. G8 ^# F; ?
# upload the contents of this file c.FORM_FILE, uploadfiles[path], )) multipartFormData.append(fileTuple)
3 x/ }3 B i3 M* O if (postdata): #除了文件还要上传其他一些数据,也要加上for index in postdata: if(isinstance(postdata[index],int)): postdata[index]
4 i6 G1 v5 E8 p! J =str(postdata[index]) multipartFormData.append((index,postdata[index])) c.setopt(c.HTTPPOST, multipartFormData)
7 V9 m/ g4 ?5 f; D4 U9 v: C _ if cookiejar: c.setopt(pycurl.COOKIEJAR, cookiejar) res=c.perform() if cookiejar: cookieStr 1 ]. n5 ~- h% f) ?
= for line in open(cookiejar): if (line.find(#) == 0 or line == \n): # 注意换行并不是空字符串,也要去掉continue
8 J: j& m+ u1 S6 M8 y* V line = line.strip(\n) # 去掉空字符串 lineArr = line.split(\t) # 根据制表符切开 length = len(lineArr) name ' @: E: |0 _# d3 a5 c7 ~( V( K
= lineArr[length - 2] value = lineArr[length - 1] cookieStr = cookieStr + name +
8 N D4 O3 A% o& S+ J4 o( w = + value + ; cookieStr.strip(; ) os.remove(cookiejar) if cookiejar: data = { 2 t/ U! M3 i, h: `: {
c: c, data: buffer.getvalue(),cookies:cookieStr} else: data = {c: c, data: buffer.getvalue()}
0 j; b! L8 G4 o #c.close() # getinfo must be called before close.return data $ J o$ X: `6 T4 c2 N3 l& c) E# x
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